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Statistical analysis:

None.

Obtaining funding:

None.

Administrative, technical, or material support:

None.

Supervision:

Bex.

Other:

None.

Financial disclosures:

Axel Bex certifies that all conflicts of interest,

including specific financial interests and relationships and affiliations

relevant to the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript

(eg, employment/affiliation, grants or funding, consultancies, honoraria,

stock ownership or options, expert testimony, royalties, or patents filed,

received, or pending), are the following: Axel Bex has received company

speaker honoraria from Pfizer; has participated in trials for Pfizer

Europe; has participated in advisory boards for GlaxoSmithKline and

Novartis; is a company consultant for Pfizer and Novartis; and has

received grants/research support from Pfizer. Laurence Albiges has

received consulting/advisory fees from BMS, Pfizer, Novartis, Sanofi,

Amgen, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Bayer, and Cerulean; and research funding

from Pfizer and Novartis. Bo¨rje Ljungberg has received company speaker

honoraria from GlaxoSmithKline, Roche, Pfizer, and Novartis; has

participated in trials for GlaxoSmithKline, Medivation, Pfizer, and

Janssen R&D; and has been on advisory boards for Pfizer and

GlaxoSmithKline. Karim Bensalah has received grants/research support

from Pfizer and honoraria or consultation fees from Intuitive Surgical.

Milan Hora has received company speaker honoraria from Covidien,

Olympus, Janssen, and Astellas; has participated in trials for Janssen; and

has received grants/research support from Ipsen. Markus A. Kuczyk is a

stock shareholder of Bayer Healthcare, Astellas, Storz, Pfizer, Wyeth, and

Novartis; is a company consultant for Karl Storz, Coloplast, AstraZeneca,

Astellas, Storz, and Hexal; has received company speaker honoraria from

Pfizer, Astellas, Bayer, GlaxoSmithKline, Pierre Fabre, Janssen Cilag, and

Hexal; has participated in trials for the ProtecT Study, Millenium Study

C21004, Millenium Study C21005, Astellas, Ipsen, and Janssen; and has

received grants/research support fromWyeth and Pfizer. Thomas B. Lam

is a company consultant for and has received company speaker

honoraria from Pfizer, GlaxoSmithKline, Astellas, and Ipsen. Axel S.

Merseburger is a company consultant for Ipsen Pharma, Bayer, Astellas,

Janssen Cilag, Novartis, and Pfizer; has received company speaker

honoraria from Ipsen Pharma, Wyeth, Astellas, Novartis, Pfizer, and SEP;

has participated in trials for AstraZeneca, Bayer, Pfizer, TEVA, Novartis,

and Astellas; has received grants/research support fromWyeth; and has

participated in a company-sponsored speakers bureau for TEVA, Janssen,

Pfizer, Astellas, Ferring, and Novartis. Michael Staehler is a company

consultant for Pfizer, Novartis, GlaxoSmithKline, Roche, Astellas, and

Bayer; has received company speaker honoraria from Pfizer, Novartis,

GlaxoSmithKline, Roche, Astellas, Bayer, and Aveo; has participated in

trials for Pfizer, Novartis, GlaxoSmithKline, Roche, Bayer, Aveo, Wilex,

and Immatics; has received fellowships and travel grants from Pfizer,

Novartis, GlaxoSmithKline, Roche, and Bayer; and has received grants/

research support from Pfizer, Novartis, GlaxoSmithKline, Roche, Bayer,

and Aveo. In addition, he took part in the S-TRAC trial as an investigator

and is an author on the S-TRAC publication. Thomas Powles is a company

consultant for Novartis, Pfizer, and GlaxoSmithKline; has received

company speaker honoraria from Novartis, Pfizer, GlaxoSmithKline, and

Genentech; has participated in trials for GlaxoSmithKline, Pfizer, BMS,

Genentech, and Genetech; and has received grants/research support

from GlaxoSmithKline, Pfizer, and Novartis. Saeed Dabestani, Rachel H.

Giles, Fabian Hofmann, Lorenzo Marconi, and Alessandro Volpe have

nothing to disclose.

Funding/Support and role of the sponsor:

None.

Appendix A. Supplementary data

Supplementary data associated with this article can be

found, in the online version, at

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j. eururo.2016.11.034

.

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